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Home » Business » Page 2

How to Keep Books for a Small Business: Bookkeeping & Accounting Basics

Last updated April 17, 2025
How to Keep Books for a Small Business: Bookkeeping & Accounting Basics

Running a small business is a challenging yet rewarding endeavor. One of the most critical aspects of managing your business effectively is keeping books for small business with accurate and up-to-date financial records. Bookkeeping and accounting are essential components of this process. They not only help you track your income and expenses but also ensure compliance with legal requirements and aid in making informed business decisions.

In this blog, we will explore the fundamentals of how to maintain books of accounts for small business, providing you with a comprehensive guide to maintaining your financial records.


Understanding Bookkeeping and Accounting

Before diving into the specifics, it’s important to distinguish between bookkeeping and accounting. While these terms are often used interchangeably, they refer to different aspects of managing your business’s finances.

Bookkeeping involves the systematic recording of financial transactions. This includes recording sales, purchases, receipts, and payments. Bookkeepers are responsible for ensuring that all financial transactions are documented accurately and in a timely manner.

Accounting, on the other hand, involves interpreting, classifying, analyzing, reporting, and summarizing financial data. Accountants use the information recorded by bookkeepers to prepare financial statements, perform audits, and provide insights into the financial health of the business.


Setting Up Your Financial Tracking System

To start keeping books for small business, you need to set up a reliable bookkeeping system. Here are the steps to get you started:

1. Choose Your Bookkeeping Method

There are two primary bookkeeping methods: single-entry and double-entry bookkeeping.

  • Single-entry bookkeeping is a straightforward method suitable for very small businesses with simple transactions. It involves recording each transaction only once. This method is similar to maintaining a checkbook register.
  • Double-entry bookkeeping is more complex but provides a more comprehensive view of your financial situation. Each transaction is recorded twice, once as a debit and once as a credit, ensuring that the accounting equation (Assets = Liabilities + Equity) always remains balanced.

Most small businesses benefit from using double-entry bookkeeping due to its accuracy and the detailed financial information it provides.

2. Select Your Financial Management Software

Investing in accounting software can significantly streamline your bookkeeping process. There are many options available, ranging from simple solutions for small businesses to more advanced systems for larger enterprises. Some popular accounting software for small businesses includes QuickBooks, Xero, and FreshBooks. These tools help automate many bookkeeping tasks, reduce errors, and save time.

3. Create a Chart of Accounts

A chart of accounts is a list of all the accounts your business uses to record transactions. It organizes your financial information into categories, such as assets, liabilities, equity, revenues, and expenses. How to set up accounting books for small business correctly starts with a well-structured chart of accounts. Your accounting software will often provide a default chart of accounts, which you can customize to fit your business’s needs.


Recording Financial Transactions

Accurate small business record keeping is the backbone of effective bookkeeping. Here’s how to record various types of financial transactions:

1. Sales and Revenue

Record all sales transactions in your accounting system. This includes cash sales, credit sales, and online sales. Make sure to include details such as the date, amount, customer name, and description of the product or service sold. Regularly reconciling your sales records with your bank statements ensures that you haven’t missed any transactions.

2. Purchases and Expenses

Document all business expenses, including supplies, utilities, rent, and salaries. For each expense, record the date, amount, vendor, and purpose of the expense. Keeping receipts and invoices organized is essential for verifying your expenses during tax time.

3. Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable

  • Accounts Receivable: Track money owed to your business by customers. Record each invoice you issue and monitor payments received. Following up on outstanding invoices promptly helps maintain a healthy cash flow.
  • Accounts Payable: Track money your business owes to suppliers and vendors. Record each bill you receive and ensure timely payments to avoid late fees and maintain good relationships with your suppliers.

4. Payroll

If you have employees, small business bookkeeping requires keeping accurate payroll records. Record employee wages, salaries, bonuses, and deductions. Ensure compliance with tax regulations by withholding the appropriate taxes and making timely payments to tax authorities.


Reconciliation and Financial Statements

Regular reconciliation and the preparation of financial statements are essential for how to maintain books of accounts for small business and gaining insights into your financial health.

1. Bank Reconciliation

Reconcile your bank statements with your accounting records regularly (monthly, if possible). This process involves comparing your recorded transactions with your bank statements to ensure they match. Identifying discrepancies early helps prevent errors and fraud.

2. Financial Statements

Financial statements provide a snapshot of your business’s financial performance and position. The three primary financial statements are:

  • Income Statement: Also known as the “Profit and Loss Statement,” it summarizes your revenues, expenses, and profits over a specific period. This statement helps you assess your business’s profitability.
  • Balance Sheet: It provides a snapshot of your business’s assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific point in time. The balance sheet helps you understand your business’s financial position and solvency.
  • Cash Flow Statement: It shows the inflow and outflow of cash within your business over a period. The cash flow statement helps you monitor your cash flow and ensures you have enough cash to meet your obligations.

Tax Compliance and Reporting

Complying with tax regulations is a critical aspect of bookkeeping. Here are some key points to consider:

1. Understand Your Tax Obligations

As a small business owner, you need to understand your tax obligations, including income tax, self-employment tax, payroll tax, and sales tax. Familiarize yourself with the tax rates, deadlines, and forms required for your business.

2. Keep Detailed Records

Maintain detailed records of all your financial transactions, including income, expenses, and deductions. These records are essential for preparing accurate tax returns and supporting your claims in case of an audit.

3. Deductible Expenses

Identify and document deductible business expenses. Common deductible expenses include office supplies, rent, utilities, travel expenses, and marketing costs. Keeping track of these expenses can reduce your taxable income and lower your tax liability.

4. Hire a Tax Professional

Consider hiring a tax professional, such as a Certified Public Accountant (CPA), to assist with tax planning and preparation. A tax professional can help you navigate complex tax laws, maximize deductions, and ensure compliance with tax regulations.


Best Practices for Effective Recordkeeping

Implementing best practices in your bookkeeping process is key for how to set up accounting books for small business successfully. Here are some tips:

1. Stay Organized

Keep your financial documents organized and easily accessible. Use folders, labels, and digital storage solutions to categorize and store receipts, invoices, and other important documents. An organized system makes it easier to find information when needed.

2. Separate Personal and Business Finances

Maintain separate bank accounts and credit cards for your personal and business finances. Mixing personal and business finances can lead to confusion, errors, and potential legal issues. Keeping them separate ensures accurate small business record keeping and simplifies tax reporting.

3. Automate Where Possible

Leverage accounting software and automation tools to streamline your bookkeeping tasks. Automating tasks such as invoicing, expense tracking, and bank reconciliation reduces manual work, minimizes errors, and saves time.

4. Monitor Cash Flow

Regularly monitor your cash flow to ensure you have enough funds to cover your expenses. Prepare cash flow forecasts to anticipate future cash needs and plan accordingly. How to keep books for a small business effectively includes monitoring cash flow closely to avoid shortages.

5. Review and Update Regularly

Review your financial records and statements regularly to identify any discrepancies or errors. Make updates promptly to ensure your records are accurate and up-to-date. Regular reviews also help you stay informed about your business’s financial health and performance.


Common Mistakes to Avoid

Avoiding common bookkeeping mistakes can save you time, money, and headaches. Here are some pitfalls to watch out for:

1. Procrastination

Delaying your bookkeeping tasks can lead to a backlog of unrecorded transactions, making it difficult to catch up. Set aside regular time each week to update your books and stay on top of your financial records.

2. Neglecting Reconciliation

Failing to reconcile your bank statements with your accounting records can result in undetected errors and discrepancies. Regular reconciliation ensures that your records are accurate and helps identify potential issues early.

3. Inconsistent Record-Keeping

Consistency is key to accurate bookkeeping. Ensure that you record transactions promptly and consistently. Use standardized procedures and formats for recording transactions to maintain uniformity.

4. Ignoring Receipts and Invoices

Losing or neglecting receipts and invoices can lead to incomplete records and missed deductions. Keep all receipts and invoices organized and stored securely. Use digital tools to scan and store documents electronically for easy access.

5. Lack of Backup

Failing to back up your financial data can result in data loss due to technical issues, theft, or disasters. Regularly back up your accounting software and financial documents to a secure location, such as cloud storage or an external hard drive.


How Can FormPros Help?

How Form Pros Can Help

FormPros offers expertly customized business and tax forms. The software provides intuitive forms that ask the right questions, so businesses can quickly generate documents at a fraction of the cost of hiring a lawyer. If you manage a business, FormPros can generate 1099-NEC documents, W-2 forms, W-9 forms, and even paystubs. The process is quick and painless, and you’ll have more time available to grow your business.

Also, make sure to utilize our numerous blogs that cover everything from tax considerations to how to set up accounting books for small business.



Mark Mogilnitsky

Mark Mogilnitsky is a content writer specializing in Financial Form Generation, with a passion for simplifying complex processes for individuals and businesses. I thrive on crafting clear, engaging content that empowers users to navigate compliance and documentation with ease.

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Home » Business » Page 2

Are Pay Stubs Better Than Excel Spreadsheets?

Last updated April 30, 2025
Are Pay Stubs Better Than Excel Spreadsheets?

You need to work efficiently to grow your business. Successful companies expand by completing more work in less time. One of the most complex tasks you must complete is payroll, and that begs the question. Are pay stubs better than excel spreadsheets at completing that task?

This article defines pay stubs, and the information needed to make pay stubs. You’ll read about common mistakes, why using Excel spreadsheets is a bad idea, and how FormPros makes the pay stub process easy.

Let’s start with the definition…..

What is a Pay Stub?

A pay stub lists all of the key information related to an employee’s pay. The pay stub provides information on wages, tax withholdings, and benefit withholdings.

The rules regarding pay stubs vary by state. Some states require employers to provide pay information to workers, while other states do not. Businesses should confirm the requirements in each state where they employ workers.

Employees should keep their most recent pay stubs as proof of income. If an individual applies for a loan, the pay stub confirms the borrower’s gross income.

Employers should keep pay stubs on file, if they are generated. The pay stub information should match the data on each employee’s W-2 form, which individuals used to file their personal tax returns.

Create Your Pay Stub

Information Needed to Create a Pay Stub

Determine this information for each employee:

Pay Stub Information
  • Payroll cycle: The number of pay periods determines how much salary is paid on each payroll date. It also determines the start and ending days for computing hourly payroll.
  • Wages: Gross pay and net pay. Wages may be based on a salary, or calculated using an hourly rate of pay.
  • Tax withholdings: Federal, state, and possibly local amounts withheld for taxes.
  • Benefit withholdings: Amounts withheld for the employee’s share of insurance premiums, or funds to be invested in a retirement plan.

Here are some common mistakes that businesses make when generating pay stubs.

Common Pay Stub Mistakes

Review your pay stubs carefully, to avoid these mistakes:

#1: Current Period vs. Year-to-Date Data

Your workers must clearly understand the differences between current period and year-to-date information. If you don’t label each dollar amount correctly, your staff will be confused.

Workers use year-to-date data to confirm that their gross wages, tax withholdings, and benefit contributions are on track.

#2: Outdated W-4 Information

Your employees may need to change tax withholdings, based on a pay raise, having a child, or if a worker gets married. You need the current W-4 to process payroll correctly. Ask each worker for updated W-4 information periodically, and use the updated forms on the next payroll run.

Create Your W-4 From

#3: Incorrect Pay Cycle

Workers need to plan their finances based on your company’s pay cycles. It’s important that your pay stubs clearly state the pay date, and that workers understand how frequently pay is processed (weekly, bi-weekly, monthly).

#4: Incorrect Tax Data

The federal and state tax laws change constantly, and your pay stub must include withholdings based on current tax law. If the withholdings are not correct, the worker may have an unexpected tax liability at the end of the year, and possible owe penalties for underpayment of taxes.

Using spreadsheets can make the pay stub process more time consuming.

Why Excel Spreadsheets Are a Bad Idea

Here are some reasons to move away from spreadsheets, and to use technology:

  • Tabs: The tabs on a spreadsheet may not be properly linked.
  • Version: Are you using the current version of the spreadsheet? Are you saving the data using the same file name?
  • Integration: Spreadsheets can’t be integrated with software tools, including accounting software. If you have to manually enter data into software, the risk of error is higher.
  • Training employees: More difficult, because using spreadsheets requires more steps and input work. You’ll spend more time on training, and the risk of error is higher when you delegate work on someone new.

As your business grows, the number of transactions increases, and so does the number of pay stubs you must produce. If you’re posting more transactions, spreadsheet data entry makes accounting more difficult.

Employers need to generate accurate pay stubs, and using technology can help.

Minimize Pay Stub Errors With FormPros

FormPros provides a pay stub generator that is user friendly, and helps you produce accurate pay stubs in less time. Our software automatically calculates earnings and deductions, based on the data you input. Your information is also processed in a secure online system.

Use FormPros to take charge of the pay stub process.

Create Your Pay Stub



Mark Mogilnitsky

Mark Mogilnitsky is a content writer specializing in Financial Form Generation, with a passion for simplifying complex processes for individuals and businesses. I thrive on crafting clear, engaging content that empowers users to navigate compliance and documentation with ease.

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Home » Business » Page 2

How to Avoid 4 Common Mistakes While Making Paystubs

Last updated April 30, 2025
How to Avoid 4 Common Mistakes While Making Paystubs

Well-managed businesses work hard to minimize errors—especially when it comes to payroll. However, common mistakes while making paystubs can still happen, even with the best intentions. These errors often require time and effort to correct, taking your focus away from growing your business.

Creating pay stubs is a vital part of the payroll process, and having the right systems in place is key to producing accurate, compliant documents. In this article, we’ll define what pay stubs are, explain the role of the Form W-4, and outline the essential information every pay stub should include. You’ll also learn about four of the most frequent paystub mistakes—and how the FormPros paystub generator can help you avoid them.

What is a Pay Stub?

A pay stub lists all of the key information related to an employee’s pay.

When you review a pay stub, it’s important to note the difference between current (current pay period) and year-to-date (YTD) amounts. Both are important, and the YTD balances help the employer and the worker understand if the amounts are correct.

The pay stub provides information on wages, tax withholdings, and benefit withholdings.

The rules regarding pay stubs vary by state. Some states require employers to provide pay information to workers, while other states do not. Businesses should confirm the requirements in each state where they employ workers.

Employees should keep their most recent pay stubs as proof of income. If an individual applies for a loan, the pay stub confirms the borrower’s gross income. Employers should keep pay stubs on file, if they are generated.

The pay stub information should match the data on each employee’s W-2 form, which individuals used to file their personal tax returns.

To create a pay stub, the first step is to have each employee complete a Form W-4.

*Learn the differences between a W-2 and W-4 here.*

Working with Form W-4

The Employee’s Withholding Allowance Certificate (Form W-4) is a form that the federal government requires employees to fill out when they are newly hired. Information submitted on the form (allowances) lets employers know how much salary to withhold from a paycheck for tax purposes.

Keep these points in mind:

  • As an employer, you should keep an employee’s most current W-4 form in his or her payroll file. The IRS may request a copy of the form.
  • You need to make sure that you add the correct number of allowances into your payroll processing system.

The W-4 collects the worker’s basic information (name, address, filing status) and provides guidance for employees who have multiple jobs, or who have working spouses. There are extra resources provided to calculate withholdings for these situations.

Once you have a completed W-4, you’ll need to collect additional information for the pay stub.

Create Your W-4 Form

Information Needed to Create a Pay Stub

Keeping this information accurate is crucial—especially since common mistakes while making paystubs often happen when employers rush through these details or rely on outdated records. A single oversight in data entry or calculation can lead to confusion, rework, or even compliance issues down the road. Determine this information for each employee:

  • Payroll cycle: The number of pay periods determines how much salary is paid on each payroll date. It also determines the start and ending days for computing hourly payroll.
  • Wages: Gross pay and net pay. Wages may be based on a salary, or calculated using an hourly rate of pay.
  • Tax withholdings: Federal, state, and possibly local amounts withheld for taxes.
  • Benefit withholdings: Amounts withheld for the employee’s share of insurance premiums, or funds to be invested in a retirement plan.

Here are four common mistakes that businesses make when generating pay stubs….

4 Common Paystub Mistakes

Printed Pay Stub

Here are four common mistakes while making paystubs that every business should be aware of. By understanding these pitfalls, you can take simple steps to improve payroll accuracy and avoid unnecessary complications. Review your pay stubs carefully, to avoid these mistakes:

#1: Current Period vs. Year-to-Date Data

One of the most common—and often overlooked—paystub mistakes is failing to clearly differentiate between current period amounts and year-to-date (YTD) totals.

Your employees rely on both of these figures for different reasons. Current period data shows the earnings, deductions, and taxes applied during that specific pay cycle—whether that’s weekly, biweekly, or monthly. YTD data, on the other hand, accumulates those figures over the course of the calendar year. It helps workers track their total gross income, federal and state tax withholdings, Social Security and Medicare contributions, and benefit deductions like health insurance or retirement contributions.

If you don’t label these figures correctly—or worse, if you omit one entirely—employees may become confused or concerned about their finances. They might think they’ve been underpaid, overtaxed, or that their benefits haven’t been deducted properly. This can lead to unnecessary HR headaches and even compliance issues if errors go unchecked.

*Pro Tip: Use clear labels like “Current” and “YTD” next to each amount, and double-check that all columns are consistently formatted. It’s a small detail that makes a big difference in clarity and trust.*

#2: Outdated W-4 Information

Another common error in paystub generation is relying on outdated W-4 forms—and it can lead to serious tax discrepancies for your employees.

Life changes fast. A pay raise, the birth of a child, marriage, or even a second job can all affect how much tax an employee wants withheld from their paycheck. That’s exactly what the W-4 form is designed for—it tells you how much federal income tax to withhold based on the employee’s current personal and financial situation.

If you’re using an old W-4, you might withhold too much or too little tax. That can result in frustration come tax season—either because the employee owes money or because their refund is smaller than expected. Worse yet, if the IRS flags withholding errors, you could find your business facing compliance issues.

*Best practice? Put a system in place to regularly remind employees to review and update their W-4 forms—especially after major life changes. And make sure your payroll team is using the most current version of each form when processing paychecks. Even a quick update between pay periods can save everyone a lot of trouble.*

#3: Incorrect or Unclear Pay Cycle Information

Your employees rely on consistent, predictable pay—not just in terms of amount, but also timing. That’s why failing to clearly communicate your company’s pay cycle on the paystub is a mistake that can cause unnecessary stress and confusion.

Every organization has its own payroll rhythm—weekly, biweekly, semimonthly, or monthly—and your employees structure their financial lives around it. Whether it’s paying rent, budgeting for groceries, or managing childcare costs, knowing exactly when the next paycheck is coming is critical.

If your paystubs don’t clearly state the pay period start and end dates, as well as the pay date itself, employees might find it difficult to reconcile hours worked with the wages they received. Worse, if the cycle is listed incorrectly or changes without notice, it can disrupt financial planning and erode trust in your payroll process.

*What to do: Always include clear labels like “Pay Period: April 1–April 15” and “Pay Date: April 16” on every paystub. If your pay cycle ever changes—such as moving from biweekly to monthly—communicate this proactively and in multiple formats (email, meeting, HR portal, etc.). Transparency builds confidence.*

#4: Incorrect Tax Data

Tax laws don’t stand still—and neither should your payroll system. One of the costliest mistakes you can make on a paystub is displaying outdated or incorrect tax withholding data.

Both federal and state tax regulations are subject to change. These changes may include adjustments to tax brackets, withholding tables, Social Security wage caps, or local tax rates. If your payroll system doesn’t reflect the most current rates and rules, employees could be over- or under-withheld without even realizing it.

This can lead to serious consequences at tax time. An employee who’s under-withheld may face an unexpected tax bill—or worse, penalties and interest for underpayment. On the other hand, over-withholding means the employee is unnecessarily reducing their take-home pay throughout the year, essentially giving the government an interest-free loan.

*How to avoid it: Make sure your payroll software or provider is regularly updated with the latest tax code changes. It’s also a good idea to periodically audit your system to ensure that all withholdings—federal, state, and local—are being calculated correctly. Including a breakdown of each tax withheld on the paystub gives employees transparency and peace of mind.*

We Can Help You Minimize Errors

Accurate pay stubs aren’t just a luxury—they’re a necessity for compliance, employee trust, and preventing expensive payroll errors. But here’s the best part: you don’t have to do the math yourself.

FormPros makes it easy. Creating professional pay stubs is simple, fast, and secure. Our intuitive paystub generator automatically calculates earnings, deductions, and taxes based on your input—eliminating guesswork and reducing risk. Plus, by generating pay stubs through a trusted provider like FormPros, you avoid the dangers of a fake paystub, which can lead to serious financial and legal trouble. Choose accuracy and peace of mind with every stub you create.

Create Your Pay Stub Now

FormPros Has You Covered

Simplify your paperwork with FormPros! From creating employment verification letters, W-2s, and 1099-NEC forms to generating LLC Operating Agreements and even voided checks, our easy-to-use platform has you covered. Save time, reduce errors, and handle your business documents with confidence. Start now and see how FormPros makes professional form generation fast, affordable, and hassle-free!



Mark Mogilnitsky

Mark Mogilnitsky is a content writer specializing in Financial Form Generation, with a passion for simplifying complex processes for individuals and businesses. I thrive on crafting clear, engaging content that empowers users to navigate compliance and documentation with ease.

Recent Posts

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    When it comes to tax reporting, Forms W-2 and 1099-NEC are ...
  • Paystub vs paycheckPaystub vs Paycheck: Most People Get This Wrong
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  • Man receiving keys after a car loan.Applying for a Car Loan? Here’s When You’ll Need Paystubs
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FormPros Can Help!

  • Legal Contracts
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Create a Pay Stub Now
Home » Business » Page 2

A Basic Guide to Payroll Taxes – Get Clarity Now

Last updated April 18, 2025
A Basic Guide to Payroll Taxes – Get Clarity Now

Payroll is the most complex task your business must complete. If you understand each step in the process- and use technology- completing payroll taxes will take less time.

This article explains the differences between independent contractors and employees, and the key information you need to process payroll. You’ll review an example of calculating payroll, and the types of tax forms you must provide to your workers.

When you process payroll, you handle independent contractors and employees differently.


Independent Contractors -vs- Employees

The IRS distinguishes independent contractors from employees by using three criteria:

  1. Behavioral control: Does the company have the right to control what the worker does and how they perform the job?
  2. Financial control: Does the company have a say in the material aspects of a worker’s job? In other words, does the business decide which expenses it will reimburse, or whether the worker must provide their own tools and supplies?
  3. Contractual relationship: Is there a written contract? Are benefits, such as pension, insurance, and vacation days, part of the contractual obligation?

Workers and employers both pay FICA taxes to fund Medicare and Social Security. When the three criteria above are met, the IRS classifies the worker as an employee. In that case, the company must complete a W-4 and cover its share of the FICA taxes.

If the worker doesn’t meet all three criteria, the IRS treats them as an independent contractor. Contractors are responsible for paying their own taxes, including income and FICA taxes.

Let’s start with employees, who must complete a W-4….


Working with Form W-4

Form W-4 (The Employee’s Withholding Allowance Certificate) is a form that the federal government requires employees to fill out when they are newly hired. Information submitted on the form (allowances) lets employers know how much salary to withhold from a paycheck for tax purposes.

Keep these points in mind:

  • As an employer, you should keep an employee’s most current W-4 form in his or her payroll file. The IRS may request a copy of the form.
  • You need to make sure that you add the correct number of allowances into your payroll processing system.

The W-4 collects the worker’s basic information (name, address, filing status) and provides guidance for employees who have multiple jobs, or who have working spouses. There are extra resources provided to calculate withholdings for these situations.

Create a W-4 Here

Before running payroll, you’ll also need to know the amount owed to independent contractors….


Form 1099-NEC

Companies use Form 1099-NEC (Nonemployee Compensation) to report income earned by people who work as independent contractors, rather than employees.

The IRS requires businesses to mail a copy of Form 1099-NEC to the independent contractor, so the contractor can include the income in his or her tax calculation. The IRS also receives a copy of the 1099-NEC, and uses it to estimate how much tax revenue to expect from self-employed individuals.

Create a 1099-NEC Here


Issuing a W-2 Form

In a similar way, employees are issued a W-2 (Wage and Tax Statement), which summarizes their total earnings and tax withholdings for the year. This form includes key information like gross wages, federal and state income taxes withheld, Social Security and Medicare contributions, and other deductions. Employers are legally required to provide W-2s to their employees by January 31st each year so that workers can accurately file their personal tax returns.

Creating W-2s—and the paystubs that support them—can be a time-consuming and detail-heavy process. From calculating pre-tax deductions to keeping up with changing tax laws, even small errors can lead to costly penalties. That’s why many businesses choose to work with payroll software or tax professionals to ensure everything is filed correctly and on time.

Create a W-2 Here


Information Needed to Process Payroll

Determine this information for each employee and independent contractor:

  • Payroll cycle: The number of pay periods determines how much salary is paid on each payroll date. It also determines the start and ending days for computing hourly payroll. A contractor’s pay may also depend on hours worked.
  • Wages: Gross pay and net pay. Wages may be based on a salary, or calculated using an hourly rate of pay.
  • Tax withholdings: Employers withhold federal, state, and sometimes local taxes from employee pay. Typically, they don’t withhold any taxes from a contractor’s earnings.
  • Benefit withholdings: Employers also deduct amounts for the employee’s share of insurance premiums or retirement contributions. In most cases, contractors don’t receive these benefits.

Here’s a simple example to help you understand the payroll process…..


Calculating Net Pay

Let’s say Sally earns an annual salary of $60,000, and your company processes payroll biweekly—26 times a year. That means Sally’s gross pay for each pay period is $2,308 ($60,000 ÷ 26).

According to her W-4, your company should withhold 20% of her gross pay for federal taxes ($462), and 5% for state taxes ($115). In addition, Sally contributes $50 per pay period toward her share of the company’s health insurance plan.

To calculate her net pay, you subtract these deductions from her gross wages:

  • Federal taxes: $462
  • State taxes: $115
  • Health insurance: $50

That’s a total of $627 in deductions, leaving Sally with a net pay of $1,681 for the pay period.

Most businesses provide employees with a pay stub alongside each paycheck. These stubs break down gross pay, deductions, and net pay for both the current pay period and year-to-date. For hourly employees, pay stubs also include total hours worked and any overtime wages. Depending on your payroll system, pay stubs may also show employer-paid contributions, like unemployment taxes.

At year-end, employers must issue a W-2 to each employee and a 1099-NEC to each independent contractor to ensure accurate income and tax reporting to the IRS.


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Form W-2, 1099-NEC, Employee Paystub

Simplify your paperwork with FormPros! From creating paystubs, W-2s, and 1099-NEC forms to generating LLC Operating Agreements and even voided checks, our easy-to-use platform has you covered. Save time, reduce errors, and handle your business documents with confidence. Start now and see how FormPros makes professional form generation fast, affordable, and hassle-free!



Mark Mogilnitsky

Mark Mogilnitsky is a content writer specializing in Financial Form Generation, with a passion for simplifying complex processes for individuals and businesses. I thrive on crafting clear, engaging content that empowers users to navigate compliance and documentation with ease.

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Home » Business » Page 2

What Are Pay Stub Deduction Codes?

Last updated March 12, 2025
What Are Pay Stub Deduction Codes?

Managing payroll effectively requires careful planning and accurate information. A crucial part of this process is creating pay stubs, which detail essential information about an employee’s earnings, deductions, and net pay. Understanding pay stub codes can help both employers and employees interpret these details correctly.

Both employers and employees must understand pay stubs. Employers are responsible for generating precise pay stubs that accurately reflect gross wages, tax withholdings, and other payroll deduction codes. Meanwhile, employees should review their pay stubs to ensure they have been compensated correctly and to verify that their paycheck stub abbreviations align with their earnings and deductions.

This article outlines the key details needed to create a pay stub and explains common deduction codes to help both employers and workers navigate payroll with confidence.

Information Needed to Create a Pay Stub

Determine this information for each employee:

  • Payroll cycle: The number of pay periods determines how much salary is paid on each payroll date. It also determines the start and ending days for computing hourly payroll.
  • Wages: Gross pay and net pay. Wages may be based on a salary, or calculated using an hourly rate of pay.
  • Tax withholdings: Federal, state, and possibly local amounts withheld for taxes.
  • Benefit withholdings: Amounts withheld for the employee’s share of insurance premiums, or funds to be invested in a retirement plan.

The rules regarding pay stubs vary by state. Some states require employers to provide pay stubs to workers, while other states do not. Businesses should confirm the requirements in each state where they employ workers.

Employees should keep their most recent pay stubs as proof of income. If an individual applies for a loan, the pay stub confirms the borrower’s gross income. The pay stub information should match the data on each employee’s year-end W-2 form, which individuals used to file their personal tax returns. Reviewing federal pay stub codes ensures accuracy in reported earnings and deductions.

Understanding FICA, FUTA and SUTA Taxes

​A pay stub must report Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA), Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA), and State Unemployment Tax Act (SUTA) tax information.​ Employers should use standardized payroll abbreviation codes to label these deductions clearly.


-FICA Taxes-

FICA taxes fund Social Security and Medicare programs. As of 2025, the Social Security tax rate is 6.2% for both employees and employers, applied to earnings up to $176,100. This means the maximum Social Security tax contribution for both employee and employer is $10,918.20. The Medicare tax rate is 1.45% on all wages, with no wage base limit. Additionally, an extra 0.9% Medicare tax applies to individuals earning over $200,000. Therefore, for most employees, the total FICA tax rate is 7.65% as of 2025.​


-FUTA Taxes-

The FUTA tax rate is 6.0%, applied to the first $7,000 of wages paid to each employee annually. However, employers who pay state unemployment taxes on time and meet certain requirements may receive a credit of up to 5.4%, reducing the effective FUTA tax rate to 0.6%. This tax is solely the employer’s responsibility and is typically reported using pay stub codes.


-SUTA Taxes-

SUTA taxes are state-specific and fund state unemployment programs. Both the tax rates and wage bases vary by state. For example, in New York for 2025, the SUTA wage base is $12,800, with tax rates ranging from 0.0% to 8.9%. Employers should consult their respective state’s guidelines for accurate SUTA tax information.​


Accurately reporting these taxes on pay stubs ensures compliance with federal and state regulations and provides transparency for employees regarding their earnings and deductions.

Pay Stub Deduction Codes

Here are the most common payroll deduction codes:

  • AMT (additional medicare tax): Represents the 0.9% Additional Medicare Tax withheld from employees earning over $200,000 annually.
  • State-Specific Taxes:
    • NYC: New York City income tax withholding.
    • YON: Yonkers income tax withholding.
  • TRN: Deductions for transit or parking benefits under employer-sponsored commuter programs.
  • UNION: Deductions for membership fees to labor unions or associations.
  • CFC (charitable contributions): Combined Federal Campaign contributions or other employer-facilitated charitable donations.
  • Cafeteria Plan: Deductions under Section 125 plans allowing pre-tax benefits selection.
  • GARN (garnishments): Court-ordered wage garnishments for debts or child support.
  • 529 (educational savings): Contributions to 529 college savings plans.
  • MTX (miscellaneous): Taxable moving expense reimbursements.​

Employers who create pay stubs must understand each of these codes, ensuring that federal pay stub codes and paycheck deduction codes are applied correctly. Clear explanations of these deductions allow employees to verify their paychecks and prevent misunderstandings.

Take Control of Your Payroll Process

Accurate pay stubs are essential for both employees and employers, ensuring transparency in wages, deductions, and taxes. Managing payroll manually can be time-consuming and prone to errors, but leveraging the right technology simplifies the process.

With FormPros, you can generate precise, professional pay stubs in just minutes. Our user-friendly pay stub generator streamlines the process, reducing errors and ensuring compliance with tax and payroll regulations. Whether you’re an independent contractor, small business owner, or employee needing proof of income, FormPros empowers you to create reliable pay stubs with ease.

Don’t leave payroll accuracy to chance—take charge of your pay stub process today with FormPros!

Create Your Pay Stub

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Mark Mogilnitsky

Mark Mogilnitsky is a content writer specializing in Financial Form Generation, with a passion for simplifying complex processes for individuals and businesses. I thrive on crafting clear, engaging content that empowers users to navigate compliance and documentation with ease.

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Home » Business » Page 2

Differences Between Payday, Pay Period And Pay Cycle

Last updated February 18, 2025
Differences Between Payday, Pay Period And Pay Cycle

Employers, workers, and independent contractors must understand three important payroll terms: payday, pay period, and pay cycle. In order to manage payroll effectively, business owners must be able to set up payroll systems that accurately calculate and pay workers. Moreover, the pay process must be explained to the entire staff.

In this article, we will not only define these payroll terms, but also explain the information that is reported on a paystub and provide a real-world payroll calculation example.

Understanding the Definitions Associated with Pay Period

To fully grasp how income and tax withholdings are calculated and presented on your pay stub, it is important to first understand three key terms: payday, pay period, and pay cycle. These terms define when and how you receive your wages and clarify what timeframe your paycheck covers.

– Payday –

A payday is the specific date on which employees or independent contractors receive their wages. It is the day an employer issues payments, either through direct deposit, paper check, or payroll card.

For instance, if a company follows a biweekly pay schedule, meaning employees are paid every two weeks, their April paydays might fall on April 5th and April 19th. On the other hand, if the company follows a semimonthly schedule (twice a month), paydays could be on April 15th and April 30th.

Ultimately, payday is crucial for budgeting, as it determines when employees have access to their earnings and when tax deductions are officially processed.

– Pay Period –

The pay period, on the other hand, is the timeframe for which employees are compensated. It starts on a specific date and ends on another, covering the work performed or hours logged during that time. Depending on the employer’s pay cycle, the length of a pay period can vary.

For example, using the biweekly pay schedule mentioned earlier, a company paying employees on April 5th would have a pay period covering March 22nd to April 4th. Then, the next pay period would be April 5th to April 18th, with payday falling on April 19th.

For semimonthly pay, the two pay periods for April could be April 1st to April 15th and April 16th to April 30th. Even though both biweekly and semimonthly involve two paychecks per month most of the time, their pay periods don’t always align due to differences in how months are structured.

Therefore, understanding the pay period is important because your paycheck’s earnings, tax deductions, and benefits contributions apply specifically to this timeframe.

– Pay Cycle –

A pay cycle refers to the company’s payroll structure—how often employees are paid and how payroll calculations are processed. This structure is determined by company policy and, in many cases, can differ based on industry standards, employment classification (hourly vs. salaried), and regulatory requirements. Common pay cycles include:

  • Weekly – Employees receive wages every seven days (e.g., every Friday). This is especially common in construction, retail, and gig work.
  • Biweekly – Employees are paid every two weeks (e.g., every other Friday). Many corporate and healthcare organizations use this schedule.
  • Semimonthly – Employees receive two paychecks per month (e.g., on the 15th and last day of the month). This is often preferred for salaried workers.
  • Monthly – Employees receive one paycheck per month (e.g., on the last business day). Although less common, it is used in some industries, particularly for executive positions.

By understanding your pay cycle, you can better plan your finances, since it determines how frequently you receive your wages and how taxes and deductions are spread throughout the year.

Why These Terms Matter

A pay stub breaks down an employee’s earnings, tax withholdings, and deductions based on these terms. When reviewing a pay stub, it’s especially important to distinguish between:

  • Current Amounts – Earnings and deductions for the most recent pay period.
  • Year-to-Date (YTD) Amounts – Cumulative earnings and deductions from the beginning of the year up to the current paycheck.

By having a clear understanding of the differences between payday, pay period, and pay cycle, employees and independent contractors can better manage their finances, anticipate deductions, and ensure they are paid correctly.

Specific Information on a Pay Stub

Standard Paystub Template

Employers provide this information to each employee and contractor:

— Payroll Cycle: The number of pay periods determines how much salary is paid on each payroll date. Additionally, it determines the start and ending days for computing hourly payroll.

— Wages: Gross pay and net pay. Wages may be based on a salary, or calculated using an hourly rate of pay.

— Tax Withholdings: Federal, state, and possibly local amounts withheld for taxes.

— Benefit Withholdings: Amounts withheld for the employee’s share of insurance premiums, or funds to be invested in a retirement plan.

As a result, every business must collect data to calculate gross wages and net pay. However, if you employ independent contractors, you don’t need to withhold taxes from pay.

Calculating Net Pay

Calculate Net Pay

Here are the details you need to calculate net pay:

1) Gross Wages

Wages earned before any withholdings or deductions are subtracted. Gross wages for a pay period amount are calculated in one of two ways:

  • Salaried Employees: (Annual salary / number of pay periods in a year)
  • Hourly Employees: (Hours worked X pay rate per hour)

Gross wages may include additional compensation, including sick pay, holiday pay, or bonuses.

2) Hours Worked and Pay Rate

The hours worked total is especially important for non-exempt (hourly) workers. The pay stub should include regular hours (up to 40 hours per week) as well as overtime hours.

The paystub must detail all hours worked, and the rate of pay earned for each hour. Some workers, including those covered by union contracts, must be paid a specific rate of pay for overtime or double-time hours.

*Salaried workers may also see hours listed on their pay stubs.*

3) Tax Deductions

Workers determine their federal income tax withholdings amounts by completing Form W-4, and each state has a tax withholding form.

Social Security Tax:

  • Employee Contribution: 6.2% of earnings, up to a wage base limit of $176,100. This means the maximum Social Security tax an employee will pay in 2025 is $10,918.20.
  • Employer Contribution: Employers match this 6.2% rate, contributing an equal amount for each employee.

Medicare Tax:

  • Employee Contribution: 1.45% of all wages, with no wage base limit.
  • Employer Contribution: Employers also contribute 1.45% of all employee wages.
  • Additional Medicare Tax: Employees earning over $200,000 annually are subject to an additional 0.9% Medicare tax on earnings above this threshold. Employers are required to withhold this additional tax but do not match it.

In total, for employees earning up to $176,100, the combined FICA tax rate is 7.65% (6.2% for Social Security and 1.45% for Medicare). Employers also pay a combined rate of 7.65%, which is deductible as a business expense.

Here’s an example that you can review to understand the payroll process.

Example Payroll Calculation

Sally’s annual income is $60,000, and her firm processes payroll 26 times a year. Sally’s gross wages each pay period total ($60,000 / 26), or $2,308 per pay period.

Based on the allowances on her W-4, her company withholds 20% of her gross pay ($462) for federal taxes, and 5% ($115) for state taxes. Sally also pays $50 each pay period for her share of the company health insurance plan.

Sally’s net pay is $2,308, less a total of $577 for taxes, and $50 for her health insurance premiums. Her net pay is $1,681.

The pay stub must include all of this information for the current payroll period and year-to-date. The pay stubs you generate may also include unemployment tax payments. Hourly workers need details about their total hours worked, and any hours that are paid as overtime wages.

Employers need to generate accurate pay stubs, and thankfully, using technology can help.

Take Charge of the Process

FormPros provides a pay stub generator that is not only user-friendly but also helps you produce accurate pay stubs in less time. Use FormPros to take charge of the pay stub process.

Create Your Pay Stub Now

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Simplify your paperwork with FormPros! From creating paystubs, W-2s, and 1099-NEC forms to generating LLC Operating Agreements and even voided checks, our easy-to-use platform has you covered. Save time, reduce errors, and handle your business documents with confidence. Start now and see how FormPros makes professional form generation fast, affordable, and hassle-free!



Mark Mogilnitsky

Mark Mogilnitsky is a content writer specializing in Financial Form Generation, with a passion for simplifying complex processes for individuals and businesses. I thrive on crafting clear, engaging content that empowers users to navigate compliance and documentation with ease.

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Home » Business » Page 2

How to File Taxes as a 1099 Worker: What You Need to Know

Last updated May 8, 2025
How to File Taxes as a 1099 Worker: What You Need to Know

As a 1099 worker, managing your taxes can feel overwhelming, but understanding the basics can help you stay on track. Unlike traditional employees who receive a W-2, 1099 workers are considered independent contractors and are responsible for reporting their own income. Filing taxes as a 1099 worker requires a bit more effort, but it doesn’t have to be complicated.

In this guide, we’ll walk you through the essential steps to file your taxes as a 1099 worker, including how to use Form 1099-NEC. With the right tools and knowledge, like those available at FormPros, you can easily complete and file your tax forms with confidence.


Understanding Form 1099-NEC:

Form 1099-NEC

Form 1099-NEC (Nonemployee Compensation) is the tax form used by businesses to report payments made to independent contractors. If you’re a 1099 worker, this form is crucial for reporting the income you earned throughout the year.

The form typically reports payments of $600 or more from a client or business. Unlike the 1099-MISC, which is used for other types of income (such as rents or royalties), the 1099-NEC is specifically for reporting nonemployee compensation, which is income earned through freelance work, consulting, or gig economy jobs.

It’s important to note that businesses are required to send you a 1099-NEC by January 31st of the following year. If you don’t receive one, you are still obligated to report the income, so keep track of your payments.


Filing Your Taxes:

Schedule C Part I
*Schedule C Part I*
Schedule C Part II
*Schedule C Part II*

Filing your taxes as a 1099 worker may seem complicated, but breaking it down into steps can make it manageable. To start, you’ll need to gather your 1099-NEC form(s) and any other income documentation, such as paystubs. Once you have your forms, follow these steps:

  • Report Your Income: On your tax return, use the information from your 1099-NEC to report your total earnings. You’ll include this on Schedule C (Profit or Loss from Business), seen above, as part of your tax return.
  • Double-Check Your Numbers: If you didn’t receive a 1099-NEC or received an incorrect one, you’re still required to report all income. Be sure to track your earnings independently, whether through invoices, bank statements, or other records.
  • File on Time: Be mindful of the tax deadlines, and avoid common mistakes like failing to report all income or filing late.

    Using tools like FormPros can simplify the process by allowing you to easily generate and file your 1099-NEC forms. This ensures you’re on track with your filing and helps prevent costly mistakes.


    Self-Employment Taxes and Deductions:

    As a 1099 worker, you’re responsible for paying self-employment taxes, which cover Social Security and Medicare. These taxes are calculated based on your net earnings, and the rate is typically 15.3%. However, you may be able to reduce your taxable income by claiming various business-related deductions.

    Common deductions for 1099 workers include:

    1. Home Office: If you work from home, you can deduct a portion of your rent or mortgage, utilities, and internet costs.
    2. Business Expenses: Supplies, software, and equipment used for work can often be deducted.
    3. Vehicle Expenses: If you use your car for business purposes, you can deduct mileage and related costs.

    Additionally, be aware that as a 1099 worker, you may need to make estimated quarterly tax payments to avoid penalties at the end of the year. Setting aside a portion of your income throughout the year can help you manage these payments effectively.


    Stay on Track with Your Tax Filing

    Independent Contractors vs. Employees

    Filing taxes as a 1099 worker doesn’t have to be overwhelming. By understanding the importance of Form 1099-NEC, keeping accurate records of your income, and claiming all eligible deductions, you can stay on top of your tax obligations. Don’t forget to calculate and pay your self-employment taxes to avoid any surprises.

    To make the process even easier, FormPros offers an intuitive platform to help you complete and file your 1099-NEC forms with ease. Get started today to ensure your tax filing is smooth and stress-free.

    Create 1099-Nec Form


    FormPros Has You Covered

    Simplify your paperwork with FormPros! From creating paystubs, W-2s, and employment verification letters to generating LLC Operating Agreements and even voided checks, our easy-to-use platform has you covered. Save time, reduce errors, and handle your business documents with confidence. Start now and see how FormPros makes professional form generation fast, affordable, and hassle-free!



    Mark Mogilnitsky

    Mark Mogilnitsky is a content writer specializing in Financial Form Generation, with a passion for simplifying complex processes for individuals and businesses. I thrive on crafting clear, engaging content that empowers users to navigate compliance and documentation with ease.

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    Home » Business » Page 2

    How to Create a Pay Stub and Calculate Wages

    Last updated April 30, 2025
    How to Create a Pay Stub and Calculate Wages

    Creating a pay stub is an essential part of managing payroll, but the real challenge lies in knowing how to calculate wages accurately. Whether you’re an employer preparing paychecks or a contractor verifying income, understanding the math behind gross pay, deductions, and net income is critical. A pay stub is more than just a summary—it breaks down exactly how you calculate earnings and apply withholdings.

    In this guide, we’ll cover the basics of what a pay stub includes, then walk through how to calculate wages step by step. We’ll show you how to calculate gross wages, identify the taxes and deductions that impact take-home pay, and use tools to automate the process accurately.

    Paystub Basics

    A pay stub is a document that shows how an employee’s wages are calculated for a specific pay period. It typically includes key details like employee information, hours worked, gross earnings, taxes withheld, deductions, and net pay (the amount the employee actually takes home).

    Paystubs can be issued digitally or in print, depending on the employer’s system. Both formats serve the same purpose—keeping a clear record of how wages are earned and adjusted.

    Need a deeper breakdown? This is an in-depth explanation of everything that goes into a paystub.

    How to Calculate Wages (The Core of It)

    Knowing how to calculate wages accurately is the most important part of making a pay stub. Let’s break down each component of the wage calculation process.

    1) Gross Wages: The Starting Point

    Gross wages are the total earnings before any deductions or taxes.

    Hourly employees: Multiply the number of hours worked by the hourly rate.
    Example: 40 hours × $20/hour = $800

    Salaried employees: Divide the annual salary by the number of pay periods in a year.
    Example: $52,000 ÷ 26 biweekly pay periods = $2,000

    Overtime pay: Typically calculated at 1.5× the regular hourly rate for hours worked over 40 per week.
    Example: 5 OT hours × ($20 × 1.5) = $150

    2) Common Add-Ons to Gross Pay

    Additional earnings can boost gross wages and must be included in the paystub.

    • Commissions based on performance or sales.
    • Bonuses for meeting goals or milestones.
    • Tips, where applicable.
    • Reimbursements for work-related expenses (if paid through payroll).

    3) Deductions: Pre-Tax vs Post-Tax

    Deductions reduce taxable income and/or net pay.

    • Pre-tax deductions: Lower the taxable income before taxes are calculated. Examples include health insurance premiums, 401(k) contributions, and HSA payments.
    • Post-tax deductions: Come out after taxes are applied. These might include union dues, wage garnishments, or charitable contributions.

    4) Taxes Withheld

    Employers are required to withhold several types of taxes from employee wages.

    • Federal income tax: Based on the employee’s W-4 information
    • FICA taxes: Social Security and Medicare
    • State and local taxes: Vary depending on location

    5) Net Pay: The Bottom Line

    Once you subtract all deductions and taxes from gross pay, you’re left with net pay—what the employee actually takes home.

    Formula:
    Gross Pay – Deductions – Taxes = Net Pay

    Example Wage Calculations

    Let’s bring it all together with two examples—one for an hourly employee and one for a salaried employee. These will show how gross pay, deductions, and taxes all lead to the final net pay.


    – Example 1: Hourly Employee –

    • Name: Alex
    • Hourly rate: $18
    • Hours worked: 42
    • Overtime: 2 hours × ($18 × 1.5) = $54
    • Gross pay: (40 × $18) + $54 = $774

    Deductions and Taxes

    • Pre-tax health insurance: $50
    • Federal income tax: $70
    • Social Security & Medicare (FICA): $59.23
    • State tax: $25

    Net pay calculation:
    $774 – $50 – $70 – $59.23 – $25 = $569.77


    – Example 2: Salaried Employee –

    • Name: Taylor
    • Annual salary: $60,000
    • Pay schedule: Biweekly (26 pay periods)
    • Gross pay: $60,000 ÷ 26 = $2,307.69

    Deductions and Taxes

    • 401(k) contribution (pre-tax): $150
    • Federal income tax: $230
    • FICA: $176.54
    • State tax: $90

    Net pay calculation:
    $2,307.69 – $150 – $230 – $176.54 – $90 = $1,661.15


    Take Charge of the Process

    While it’s important to understand how to manually calculate wages, most businesses and freelancers use digital tools like FormPros to streamline the process. The FormPros paystub generator takes care of the heavy lifting—automatically calculating gross pay, deductions, and taxes while formatting everything professionally for your records.

    Still, accuracy is key. Even when using a tool, make sure to double-check:

    • That hours worked, pay rates, and pay periods are correct
    • Employee or contractor details are accurate
    • Deductions and tax settings reflect your current local and federal requirements

    Using a tool like FormPros doesn’t replace due diligence—it enhances it, helping you save time while keeping your payroll accurate and compliant.

    Create Your Paystub Now

    FormPros Has You Covered

    Simplify your paperwork with FormPros! From creating paystubs, W-2s, and 1099-NEC forms to generating LLC Operating Agreements and even voided checks, our easy-to-use platform has you covered. Save time, reduce errors, and handle your business documents with confidence. Start now and see how FormPros makes professional form generation fast, affordable, and hassle-free!



    Mark Mogilnitsky

    Mark Mogilnitsky is a content writer specializing in Financial Form Generation, with a passion for simplifying complex processes for individuals and businesses. I thrive on crafting clear, engaging content that empowers users to navigate compliance and documentation with ease.

    Recent Posts

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    • Paystub vs paycheckPaystub vs Paycheck: Most People Get This Wrong
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    Home » Business » Page 2

    What Information Do You Need Before Creating a Paystub?

    Last updated February 14, 2025
    What Information Do You Need Before Creating a Paystub?

    Managing payroll takes careful planning. To ensure accuracy, you need the right information, including the data necessary to create pay stubs. A paystub information list outlines all the key details related to an employee’s pay.

    Both employers and workers must understand the pay stub information on a check stub. Employers should generate accurate pay stubs that align with gross pay, tax withholdings, and other payroll amounts. Meanwhile, workers must review their paystubs to confirm they received the correct wages.

    The process begins with each employee completing a Form W-4.

    Working with Form W-4

    Form W-4 (Employee’s Withholding Allowance Certificate) plays a crucial role in payroll processing. The federal government requires newly hired employees to complete this form, as it informs employers how much salary to withhold from each paycheck for tax purposes.

    Keep these key points in mind:

    • As an employer, always keep the employee’s most current W-4 form in their payroll file.
    • Ensure that you enter the correct number of allowances into your payroll processing system.
    • If an employee does not complete or sign the W-4 before their first payroll date, you must withhold federal income taxes as if they selected single filer status with zero allowances.
    • After completion, store a signed copy of the W-4 form in your records since the IRS may request it.

    Here is the W-4 form:

    • Step 1: Collect the worker’s basic information (name, address, filing status).
    • Step 2: Addresses employees who have multiple jobs, or who have working spouses. There are extra resources listed to calculate withholdings for these situations.

    • Step 3: Compute the number of dependents.
    • Step 4: Adjust your withholding amount.
    • Step 5: Taxpayer signs the form.

    Create a W-4 Form Now

    Once you have a completed W-4, you’ll need to collect additional information for the pay stub.


    Information Needed to Create a Pay Stub

    Before processing payroll, ensure you gather the following details for each employee:

    • Payroll cycle: The number of pay periods determines how much salary is paid on each payroll date. It also sets the start and end dates for calculating hourly wages.
    • Wages: Employees may earn wages through a set salary or an hourly rate. Be sure to calculate both gross and net pay accurately.
    • Tax withholdings: Federal, state, and possibly local taxes must be deducted based on the employee’s W-4 selections.
    • Benefit withholdings: These deductions cover the employee’s share of insurance premiums or contributions to a retirement plan.

    Since pay stub regulations differ by state, employers must verify whether they are required to provide pay stubs to workers in each state where they operate.

    Employees should retain their most recent pay stubs as proof of income. Lenders often request this documentation when evaluating loan applications, and the paystub information confirms the borrower’s gross earnings.

    Additionally, the pay stub information should align with each employee’s year-end W-2 form, ensuring consistency for tax filing purposes.

    Create Your W-2 Now


    Specific Information on a Pay Stub

    Standard Paystub Template

    Paystub information should display the following key details:

    1) Gross Wages

    Gross wages represent an employee’s total earnings before any withholdings or deductions. These amounts are calculated differently based on the employee’s pay structure:

    • Salaried employees: Divide the annual salary by the number of pay periods in a year.
    • Hourly employees: Multiply hours worked by the hourly pay rate.

    In addition to base wages, gross earnings may also include extra compensation such as sick pay, holiday pay, or bonuses.

    2) Hours Worked and Pay Rate

    Tracking hours worked is especially important for non-exempt (hourly) employees. Paystub information should clearly display both regular hours (up to 40 per week) and overtime hours when applicable.

    Additionally, the paystub information must specify all hours worked along with the corresponding pay rate for each. Some employees, such as those covered by union contracts, may receive a predetermined overtime or double-time rate.

    Even though salaried employees receive a fixed wage, their pay stubs may still list hours worked for record-keeping purposes.

    3) Tax Deductions

    Employees determine their federal income tax withholdings by completing Form W-4. Additionally, each state has its own tax withholding form that may require separate documentation.

    Tax Deductions

    The Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) tax helps fund Social Security and Medicare. In 2024, employees must contribute 6.2% of their income to Social Security, up to a wage limit of $168,600. Medicare tax applies to all wages at a rate of 1.45%, with an additional 0.9% tax for high-income earners. Combined, the total employee FICA tax rate stands at 7.65% in 2024.

    Employers also contribute 7.65% toward FICA taxes, and they can deduct this cost as a business expense.

    4) Benefit Deductions

    Workers often pay a share of the insurance premiums for company-provided health insurance, and may contribute into retirement plan, such as a 401(k) plan. 401(k) contributions are made with pre-tax dollars, and the employer may add matching contributions.

    5) Unemployment Taxes

    Unemployment programs are funded by the FUTA tax (federal) and the SUTA tax (state). These amounts are paid by the employer, but also reported on the pay stub.

    6) Net Pay

    Net pay is the actual dollars paid to the worker, after all deductions.

    *Additionally, the employee id on paystub is often listed to help verify pay records accurately. Employers must ensure that the employee id on paystub matches official HR records.*

    Understanding Pay Stubs: Key Details and Why They Matter

    For those unfamiliar with payroll documentation, what does a pay stub look like? A pay stub includes an employee’s wages, deductions, and net pay, structured in a clear format. Understanding what does a pay stub look like ensures accuracy when reviewing pay records.

    But what important information is available on a pay stub? It includes gross pay, taxes, deductions, benefits, and net pay—all essential for financial documentation.

    To ensure compliance and accurate record-keeping, employers should ask, what information is on a pay stub? A properly formatted pay stub provides a breakdown of wages, withholdings, and other payroll details. Workers should review what information is on a pay stub to ensure that their earnings and deductions are correct. For financial planning, knowing what information is on a pay stub can help track income over time.

    Let FormPros Help!

    Managing your finances doesn’t have to be overwhelming. Creating accurate paystubs is an essential part of maintaining organized records, staying prepared for tax season, and building financial security. With the right resources, this task can be straightforward and stress-free.

    At FormPros, we simplify paystub creation with a platform that’s secure, user-friendly, and tailored to your specific needs. Beyond paystubs, we offer solutions for generating tax forms like W-2s and 1099-NECs, forming LLCs, acquiring a Registered Agent, and even creating voided checks. Whether you’re a freelancer, small business owner, or entrepreneur, we have the tools to support your success.

    Don’t let paperwork slow you down. Visit FormPros today to explore how our comprehensive services can save you time, simplify your financial documentation, and empower you to focus on growing your business with confidence. Get started now and take charge of your financial management!

    Create Your Pay Stub Now



    Mark Mogilnitsky

    Mark Mogilnitsky is a content writer specializing in Financial Form Generation, with a passion for simplifying complex processes for individuals and businesses. I thrive on crafting clear, engaging content that empowers users to navigate compliance and documentation with ease.

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    Learn How to Avoid Misclassification with Contractor Agreements

    Last updated April 22, 2025
    Learn How to Avoid Misclassification with Contractor Agreements

    Hiring independent contractors can offer flexibility and cost savings for businesses—but it also comes with risk. One of the most common pitfalls is worker misclassification, where a business treats someone as an independent contractor when, under the law, they’re actually an employee.

    To protect themselves, many business owners rely on independent contractor agreements. These contracts clearly spell out the nature of the relationship and responsibilities on both sides. But here’s the big question: Is having an independent contractor agreement enough to shield your business from misclassification claims?

    In this article, we’ll break down what these agreements can (and can’t) do, how classification is really determined, and what steps you can take to stay compliant and avoid costly mistakes.

    What is Worker Misclassification?

    Worker misclassification happens when a business incorrectly labels a worker as an independent contractor rather than an employee. While this might seem like a harmless paperwork error, the consequences can be severe—from back taxes and penalties to lawsuits and government audits.

    At the heart of the issue is how the worker actually operates within your business. Employees are typically subject to more control, receive benefits, and are protected by labor laws. Independent contractors, on the other hand, operate with more autonomy and manage their own tax obligations.

    A key difference shows up during tax season:

    • Employees receive a Form W-2, with taxes withheld and employer-paid contributions for Social Security, Medicare, and unemployment insurance.
    • Independent contractors are issued a Form 1099-NEC, with no taxes withheld—leaving the worker responsible for handling their own tax payments.

    Misclassification can result in the IRS demanding unpaid taxes, while the Department of Labor may investigate wage and hour violations. States may also impose fines or require retroactive benefits. In short, the stakes are high, and simply labeling someone as an independent contractor isn’t enough.

    What an Independent Contractor Agreement Does

    An independent contractor agreement is a legal document that outlines the working relationship between a business and a contractor. It typically includes terms such as:

    • Scope of work or deliverables
    • Payment terms and rates
    • Duration of the project or engagement
    • Acknowledgment of contractor status (not an employee)
    • Clauses around confidentiality, intellectual property, and termination

    On paper, this agreement helps demonstrate the intent of both parties to establish a non-employee relationship. It can be a valuable piece of evidence if the classification is ever challenged by a worker or a government agency.

    However, it’s important to understand that the agreement itself does not control the outcome of a classification review. Even a perfectly worded contract can be disregarded if the actual working conditions don’t match what’s written.

    *In other words: the IRS or the Department of Labor won’t just look at the contract—they’ll examine how the relationship works in practice.*

    What Really Determines Worker Classification

    While an independent contractor agreement is helpful, it’s only part of the picture. Government agencies like the IRS, Department of Labor (DOL), and various state labor boards all look beyond what’s written in a contract to determine the true nature of a work relationship.

    The IRS’s Common Law Test

    The IRS uses a three-category test to assess whether a worker is truly independent or should be classified as an employee:

    1) Behavioral Control – Does the business control how the work is done (e.g., hours, methods, training)?

    2) Financial Control – Does the business control financial aspects of the worker’s job (e.g., tools provided, reimbursement of expenses, payment schedule)?

    3) Type of Relationship – Is the relationship ongoing? Are benefits like health insurance or paid leave offered? Is the work integral to the business?

      If the answer to several of these questions leans toward control by the business, the IRS may determine the worker is actually an employee—regardless of what the contract says.

      Department of Labor (DOL) & State Tests

      The DOL also applies an “economic realities” test that emphasizes how dependent the worker is on the employer. States may apply their own standards, such as the “ABC test“, which is stricter in some regions like California.

      *Key Point: If your business treats a contractor like an employee—managing their hours, dictating methods, or integrating them into daily operations—no agreement can undo that reality.*

      Can an Independent Contractor Agreement Truly Protect You?

      An independent contractor agreement can be a valuable first step toward compliance—but it’s not a silver bullet. The effectiveness of such an agreement depends on how closely the terms of the contract match the actual working relationship.

      – When the Agreement Helps –

      If your contract clearly defines an independent relationship and the day-to-day reality supports that, it strengthens your case. For example:

      • The contractor sets their own schedule.
      • They work off-site using their own tools.
      • They invoice you for work completed, and you don’t reimburse expenses.
      • The relationship is project-based, not open-ended.

      In this case, your agreement acts as supporting documentation, reinforcing that the worker is truly independent.

      – When the Agreement Falls Short –

      On the other hand, if the agreement says one thing but your actual practices tell another story, the contract may be disregarded by agencies like the IRS or DOL. For instance:

      • You control how and when the contractor works.
      • They’re using your equipment and working in your office.
      • They’re effectively filling a permanent role.

      In these cases, courts and regulators look past the paperwork and focus on substance over form. A famous example is Vizcaino v. Microsoft Corp., where even though workers had signed contracts as independent contractors, the court ruled them to be employees based on how they were integrated into the company.

      How to Make Independent Contractor Agreements Count

      While a signed independent contractor agreement helps document your intent, its real strength lies in how well it aligns with your actual working relationship. To avoid misclassification pitfalls, your contract needs to do more than just state that someone is a contractor—it should reflect reality, not contradict it.

      Start with the language. Agreements should be drafted to emphasize the contractor’s autonomy. That means steering clear of terms that suggest control or oversight, like “supervisor,” “schedule,” or “daily reports.” Instead, focus on project outcomes, deadlines, and independent execution. If you’re writing a contract that looks like an employee handbook in disguise, you’re already off track.

      But even a well-worded agreement can unravel if your day-to-day treatment tells a different story. If you’re assigning specific work hours, requiring use of company equipment, or inviting the contractor to weekly team meetings, then the contract becomes just that—a piece of paper. Agencies will judge based on actions, not intentions.

      This is why it’s essential to match the contract with consistent practices. Don’t just say the contractor sets their own hours—make sure they actually do. Keep communication project-focused and avoid integrating them into the internal rhythm of your company. And always maintain a strong paper trail: save copies of signed agreements, independent invoices, and any communications that reinforce the worker’s autonomy.

      From a compliance standpoint, it’s smart to be proactive. Periodic classification audits can help catch inconsistencies early, especially as roles evolve. If there’s ever uncertainty, the IRS offers Form SS-8, which allows businesses or workers to request a formal determination of worker status. And if you’re onboarding a long-term or key contributor, it’s worth getting input from a legal or HR advisor to reduce your risk.

      *Bottom line: An agreement won’t save you if it doesn’t match reality. But when it’s written thoughtfully, backed by consistent practices, and supported by clear documentation, it becomes a powerful tool in demonstrating compliance.*

      Conclusion

      An independent contractor agreement is a smart move—but it’s not a get-out-of-jail-free card. When it comes to worker classification, what truly matters is the reality of the relationship, not just what’s written on paper. If you treat a contractor like an employee, no agreement in the world will shield you from the consequences.

      That said, a well-crafted agreement that mirrors how you actually engage your contractors can be a powerful asset—especially when paired with clear documentation, proper tax form usage, and compliance checks.

      Need to issue the correct forms, like Form 1099-NEC for independent contractors or Form W-2 for employees? FormPros makes it fast and easy to generate and download the tax documents your business needs, right from your browser.

      When in doubt, don’t leave classification to chance—protect your business with the right tools, clear contracts, and smart practices.

      Create an Independent Contractor Agreement

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      Mark Mogilnitsky

      Mark Mogilnitsky is a content writer specializing in Financial Form Generation, with a passion for simplifying complex processes for individuals and businesses. I thrive on crafting clear, engaging content that empowers users to navigate compliance and documentation with ease.

      Recent Posts

      • W-2 vs 1099: Which One Should You Use?
        When it comes to tax reporting, Forms W-2 and 1099-NEC are ...
      • Paystub vs paycheckPaystub vs Paycheck: Most People Get This Wrong
        Understanding your income documents is essential—especially ...
      • Man receiving keys after a car loan.Applying for a Car Loan? Here’s When You’ll Need Paystubs
        When applying for a car loan, lenders don’t follow a fixed ...
      • Articles of Incorporation vs Operating Agreement
        Starting your own business means you need to do a lot of ...
      • No Paystub? No Problem. Discover Paystub Alternatives That Work
        While paystubs are a common go-to for verifying income or ...

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